MCP Server for Power BI

Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for exploring Microsoft Fabric / Power BI workspaces and semantic models, and for executing ad‑hoc DAX queries.

🔐 Now with OAuth/Entra ID support! Seamlessly integrates with LibreChat and other OAuth-enabled clients using JWT validation and On-Behalf-Of flow.

Architecture Overview

Features

Transport Modes

🌐 HTTP Transport with OAuth (Recommended for Production)

• Full Entra ID/Azure AD authentication
• JWT token validation with JWKS
• On-Behalf-Of (OBO) flow for Power BI and Fabric API access
• Role and scope-based authorization
• Claims challenge support for conditional access
• Perfect for LibreChat integration

💻 STDIO Transport (Local Development)

• Simple bearer token authentication
• Direct Power BI API access
• Suitable for local testing with MCP clients

Requirements

• Python 3.12+
• uv (fast Python package/project manager)
• For HTTP mode: Azure AD app registrations with OAuth configured
• For STDIO mode: Power BI access token

Development

Code Quality Tools

This project uses Ruff for linting and formatting, and ty for type checking.

Install development dependencies:

uv sync --extra dev

Run Ruff linting:

uv run ruff check .

Run ty type checking:

uv run ty check mcp_for_powerbi/

Quick Start

HTTP Mode with OAuth (LibreChat)

1. Install dependencies:

uv sync

1. Configure environment (copy .env.example):

# Azure AD Configuration
PORT=3001
TENANT_ID=your-tenant-id
AUDIENCE=your-api-app-id
OBO_CLIENT_ID=your-obo-client-id
OBO_CLIENT_SECRET=your-obo-client-secret

# Authorization
REQUIRED_SCOPES=mcp.access
REQUIRED_ROLES=mcp.user

# Logging
LOG_LEVEL=info

1. Run the server:

python -m mcp_for_powerbi.server_http

Server starts on http://localhost:3001/mcp

STDIO Mode (Local Development)

Note: STDIO mode now requires OAuth integration. The server expects the Authorization header to be passed via the MCP client.

Run the server:

uv run mcp-for-powerbi

Authentication

OAuth with Entra ID

Both HTTP and STDIO modes now use Entra ID OAuth2 with:

• JWT Validation: Verifies token signature, audience, issuer
• OBO Flow: Exchanges user token for downstream Power BI and Fabric tokens (resource-bound)
• Authorization: Validates roles and scopes

Client Integration Examples

LibreChat (HTTP with OAuth)

mcpServers:
  mcp-server-for-powerbi:
    type: streamable-http
    url: http://localhost:3001/mcp
    requiresOAuth: true
    oauth:
      authorization_url: https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant-id>/oauth2/v2.0/authorize
      token_url: https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant-id>/oauth2/v2.0/token
      client_id: <client-id>
      client_secret: <client-secret>
      scope: "api://<api-app-id>/mcp.access openid profile offline_access"
      redirect_uri: http://localhost:3080/api/mcp/mcp-server-for-powerbi/oauth/callback

Cherry Studio (STDIO)

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "mcp-for-powerbi": {
      "name": "mcp-for-powerbi",
      "type": "stdio",
      "isActive": true,
      "registryUrl": "",
      "command": "uv",
      "args": [
        "run",
        "--directory",
        "<your_directory>/mcp-server-for-powerbi",
        "mcp-for-powerbi"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Note: MCP client must pass OAuth token via Authorization header.

## Docker Deployment to Azure

- Login to Azure CLI and ACR

```bash
az login
az acr login --name <acr-name>

• Build the Docker image

docker build -t <acr-name>.azurecr.io/mcp-server-for-powerbi .

• Run the image locally for testing

docker run -it --rm -p 8080:8080 \
  -e TENANT_ID=<tenant-id> \
  -e AUDIENCE=<api-app-id> \
  -e OBO_CLIENT_ID=<obo-client-id> \
  -e OBO_CLIENT_SECRET=<obo-secret> \
  <acr-name>.azurecr.io/mcp-server-for-powerbi

• Push the image to ACR

docker push <acr-name>.azurecr.io/mcp-server-for-powerbi

Error Handling & Troubleshooting

The server raises structured MCP tool errors with detailed suggestions:

• Missing Authorization – OAuth token not provided in Authorization header.
• TokenExpired – obtain a fresh token (user tokens are short‑lived).
• Unauthorized (401) – token is invalid or lacks required permissions.
• Forbidden (403) – user lacks permission to the workspace or dataset.
• NotFound (404) – invalid workspace_id or dataset_id.
• BadRequest (400) – invalid parameters or DAX syntax errors.
• TooManyRequests (429) – rate limit exceeded (120 requests per minute).
• Timeout – network / API slowness (default timeout 30s).

Each error includes:

• Error code and message from the Power BI API
• Context-aware suggestions to help resolve the issue
• Parameter validation for workspace_id and dataset_id (UUID format)
• DAX-specific error analysis with syntax and semantic suggestions

Acknowledgments

This project is built on FastMCP v2 and draws inspiration from the following repositories:

• Inspired by an internal project
• fabric-toolbox/SemanticModelMCPServer

Their approaches to semantic model surfacing and Power BI integration helped shape the tool design here.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for details.

Disclaimer

This project is an independent, open‑source MCP server for Microsoft Power BI. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Microsoft. “Power BI” is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.